CAIRNLEA
Cairnlea is 17 km north-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Brimbank. At the 2006 Census, Cairnlea had a population of 6070. The former Albion site became open grassland after European settlement but later, from 1939 to the mid 1980s, it was a defence manufacturing site. The suburb is a new estate, and has only been developed since 1999, with development of the new suburb to finish in mid-2005. The suburb features several manmade lakes and has implemented a suburb-wide stormwater recycling system that feeds all the lakes. Formerly there was a large government explosives factory on the site of the estate, however this factory closed in the 1990s.
CALDER PARK
Calder Park is 22 km north-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Brimbank. Wedged between the Calder Freeway, and the Bendigo rail line, Calder Park is a somewhat abnormal suburb in that no residential dwellings are constructed within its bounds, the only structure being a chapel situated adjacent to the Calder Park Raceway. This is located in the northern half of the suburb, with the southern half comprising open fields, adjoining neighbouring Taylors Lakes. Calder Park takes its name from Calder Highway (now Freeway).
Camberwell
CAMBERWELL
Camberwell is a residential suburb 9 km east of Melbourne, between Hawthorn and Burwood. Until the 1850s the area was occupied for grazing, being described as "light sandy country, timbered with gum and oak," Roads were rudimentary, but at one point three roads intersected, and in 1853 an inn was erected at one of the corners. Its owner recollected that several roads converged at Camberwell Green, London, and he called it the Camberwell Inn The Intersection, known as the Burke Road or Camberwell Junction. is on the western boundary of Camberwell, all the district adopted the name of the inn.
Immigrants and former gold diggers took up farms in the Camberwell area, producing hay, fruit and vegetables. In the 1860s there were two small settlements, one around tile inn and the Anglican church and another to the east at Hartwell about 2 kin. away. The district's first school (1858) and post office (1862) were at Hartwell, but the school closed when one was opened in 1867 a few hundred metres from the junction. By the 1870s Camberwell's neighbour, Hawthorn, had a substantial population, but Camberwell remained an area of small farms with a few sites for fine residences at its more elevated northern end. It was at that end in 1882 where the railway was extended from Hawthorn to Camberwell. The railway was aligned to service the adjacent land with a prospect back to the city; it was eventually excavated through the hill in a deep cutting. 'Prospect Hill' was swiftly subdivided and marketed during the 1880s and 90s driven by the typical desire of the time to recreate an English landscape.
A year after reaching Camberwell the line was extended to Lilydale. In 1891 a north-south railway line from Oakleigh to Fairfield was opened, crossing the earlier one at East Camberwell. It was the unsuccessful Outer Circle line, The railway lines attracted land subdivision in a landscape that was picturesque and free of industry. The Burke Road shopping centre between the junction and the railway station began in the 1880s, Residential land was generously proportioned, relatively cheap and within convenient commuting distance of Melbourne. The shopping centre which developed along the 500 metre north/south strip of Burke Road adjacent to the station has long been one of the most economically vibrant of suburban shopping areas in Melbourne. The precinct contains about 2.5 kilometres of small grain retail frontage with a broad mix of shops, a lively vegetable market, supermarket, large retail store, proliferating cafes and cinema complex.
CAMPBELLFIELD
Campbellfield, a residential and industrial suburb 17 km. north of Melbourne, is situated east of Broadmeadows. It is on the Hume highway and its eastern boundary is the Merri Creek. Two families named Campbell, apparently unrelated, bought farm properties in the area in the 1840s. The land was lightly wooded, easy for grazing, and close to the Merri Creek. Other settlers of Scots descent brought a strong Presbyterian tradition to the area. The Scots church was built on Sydney Road in 1842, and replaced by the present bluestone structure in 1855 (on Register of the National Estate and Victorian Heritage Register). A primary school was opened in 1846, and the site remained in use until disturbed by the widening of the Hume Highway in 1961.
By the 1860s Campbellfield had a village on the Sydney Road with three hotels and a disused flour mill. The flat country of Campbellfield was suited to pastoral pursuits and remained unaltered until the late 1880s when there was the prospect of a railway line from Coburg to join the main line to Seymour at Somerton. Campbellfield remained a village patronised by small farmers. It had two hotels, a store, bakery, confectioner and a smithy. The hotels and the Presbyterian and Methodist churches constituted the social centres, apart from sports matches in a paddock (c.1900). In 1951 the Housing Commission took control of land in Broadmeadows and Campbellfield for a housing estate, and in 1956 commenced the disposal of a large wedge north of the village between the railway line and the highway, for the Ford motor car factory.
CANTERBURY
Canterbury is an older residential suburb 10 km. east of Melbourne, noted for spacious residences. It adjoins Camberwell on its east and north , and its early settlement and subdivision into market gardens and orchards accompanied Camberwell's. Canterbury was named after Viscount Canterbury, Governor of Victoria, 1866-73. Before being named Canterbury the area was part of Balwyn. When the railway was extended from Hawthorn to Camberwell in 1882. and to Canterbury and beyond the following Veal residential subdivisions were stimulated The Canterbury landscape was undulating, elevated to the east and, with the West Creek, pleasantly well watered The late 1880s saw hood land prices and speculative profit. Melbourne merchants and professionals built in Canterbury and commuted by train to Melbourne By 1891 nearly all of Canterbury was subdivided for housing. but still mostly not built on A shopping strip was built along Maling Road beside the railway station.
Carlton
CARLTON
Carlton is a residential, commercial and educational area adjoining the northern boundary of central Melbourne at Victoria Street. The subdivision and settlement of Carlton came later than that of Fitzroy and Collingwood.. By the gold rush, 1851, two thirds of those suburbs were subdivided, often in a haphazrd way calculated to maximize profit on the resale of land. When Robert Hoddle, Government surveyor, came to survey Carlton in 1852, care was taken to lay out streets in an orderly grid, with reserves for open space and religious institutions. His survey was bounded by Royal Parade, Grattan Street, Nicholson Street and Victoria Street, but with the University provided for in a reserve north of Grattan Street. The churches' precinct was in Queensberry Street, between Lygon and Rathdowne Streets (Anglican, Free Gaelic and Wesleyan), and one block north in Pelham Street (Catholic). There were no school or hospital reserves, but Lincoln Square, Argyle Square and Carlton Gardens were shown. The two squares provided a distinctly English tone for the new suburb.
Carlton, thought to have been named after the residence of the Prince of Wales, was relatively elevated, and attracted several notable homes. Justice Redmond Barry lived in Rathdowne Street, equidistant between the City Court and the University of which he was the first Chancellor in 1955. By 1860 Carlton had five schools of which one, in Faraday Street, was a National School (1858), and ran continuously until 1972. In 1878 eight hectares were set aside in the Carlton Gardens for a building for Melbourne's International Exhibition in 1880-1. The international event was Melbourne's sixth exhibition, and its grandest. The building with its prominent dome became the venue for exhibitions, motor shows, home shows, the first federal Parliament and countless public examinations for secondary and tertiary students. In 1887-8 tram lines were opened along Swanston Street, Elgin Street, Rathdowne Street and Nicholson Street.
CARLTON NORTH
Carlton North is a residential suburb 4 km. north of Melbourne. In 1853 both the Melbourne General Cemetery and a penal stockade came to Carlton North. Melbourne's first cemetery at the Flagstaff Gardens was over-full by 1849, and a 8 ha. site was laid out to the north. By 1853 the very obvious increase in population persuaded the Government to also close Melbourne's second cemetery (now the Queen Victoria Market site), to all except those claiming a grave or vault there. The 8 ha. site in Carlton North was doubled and the resulting Melbourne General Cemetery was laid out by the Government Botanist, Ferdinand von Mueller. The stockade (called the Collingwood Stockade, as Carlton was not named in 1853), was opened beside a bluestone quarry. These sites are now the Lee Street primary school and the Canning Street neighbourhood reserve respectively. Carlton North's geological structure fortunately had the basaltic land ending just east of the cemetery, which is on mudstone or sandstone. Carlton (south of Grattan Street) was subdivided and the stockade made an asylum for the next seven years. Carlton North was subdivided in 1869 between Princes and Fenwick Streets. The final subdivision was at Princes Hill, north of the cemetery, in 1876-9. The settlement was almost all residential, brick, and much of it two storeyed or terraced. The standard was a step up from many of the timber cottages in Carlton.
CARNEGIE
Carnegie is a residential suburb 12 km. south-east of Melbourne on the railway line between Caulfield and Oakleigh. The area was originally known as Rosstown after William Ross, an entrepreneur who constructed a railway line through the area from Oakleigh to Elsternwick. In May, 1909, the railway station was renamed Carnegie, allegedly with the support of residents and the progress associations who thought it would be an inducement to obtain funds from the American Carnegie Foundation for a library. Neither did the funds appear nor is there contemporary documentary evidence of the idea, but no better explanation has been given. A large part of pastoral Carnegie was the Leman Swamp, a place for peat extraction and, in 1874, a proposed site for sugar beet processing which needed a reliable water supply. By 1876 Ross, who was the promoter of the sugar beet industry, owned or leased all the land presently known as Carnegie. The Rosstown Hotel was operating by 1882 and the primary school opened in 1887. By the turn of the century estates were being opened up in the vicinity of the railway station.
CAROLINE SPRINGS
Caroline Springs is 25 km west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the Shire of Melton. At the 2006 Census, Caroline Springs had a population of 10,880. Caroline Springs is a large residential suburb that was launched in 1999 by the Urban Land Corporation. Developed by Delfin, the suburb's popularity was spurred by an extensive advertising campaign promoting the lifestyle benefits of the area. Caroline Springs has now met its neighbouring suburb, Taylors Hill to the north.
CARRUM SWAMP
This former swampland is occupied by Bangholme, Braeside, Carrum Downs, Chelsea Heights, and Keysborough. Parts of Aspendale, Patterson Lakes and Seaford are also on the former swamp. Carrum Swamp's waters came from the Dandenong Creek (with headwaters in the moist Dandenong Ranges, and the Eumemmerring Creek with headwaters at Narre Warren. The swamp occupied 5,260 ha., extending almost from Mordialloc to Frankston, and had a water catchment of 737 sq. km. In its natural state it was covered with dense ti-tree, and it had ineffective outlets to Port Phillip Bay by the Mordialloc Creek and the Kananook Creek. The land was, however, useful for Summer pasture, and sections were purchased on the 1850s.
An early squatting party in the area called its station Garen Gam, thought to be Aboriginal for boomerang. Another rendering of the Aboriginal words is Karrum Karrum. An 1864 map made by the Hydrographic Office called the swamp Garrum, which would also be a probable forerunner of Carrum. An alternative but unlikely source of the name is an ancient English settlement called Carrum in Arthurian legends.
CARRUM DOWNS
Carrum Downs is a residential area 34 km. south-east of Melbourne adjoining the bayside suburb of Carrum. Most of the area is on the former Carrum Swamp. Carrum Downs was a farming area until the 1980s, with the social centre bring the primary school which was opened in 1909. In 1945 the Anglican Church's Brotherhood of St. Laurence began the building of an elderly person's community about 300 metres from the school. The Carrum Downs village added married and single persons' cottages and hostel accommodation, set in a mostly heath or bushland environment.
The main residential area is south of the Brotherhood village, with sites for three primary schools and a drive-in shopping centre (1994) with forty shops. There are several neighbourhood reserves and a linear park along Boggy Creek. In the north of Carrum Downs, beyond the school, is the part of the South Eastern Purification Plant for the treatment of sewage, around which several farms continue to function.
CAULFIELD
Caulfield, a residential area with a prominent metropolitan racecourse, is on Dandenong Road, 10 km. from Melbourne. Until 1994 Caulfield was also a municipal city. The origin of the name is uncertain, although John Caulfield, a builder who arrived in Melbourne in 1837, has been suggested as a source. The name Caulfield was in use on maps around 1857, generally in the vicinity of the present racecourse. In 1859 horse racing was held on a rough bush track and the Melbourne Hunt Club held occasional meetings in Caulfield. A racecourse was laid out on the site where the Hunt Club kennel was kept. In 1876 the Victorian Amateur Turf Club was formed and obtained the site for its metropolitan race course. The first Caulfield Cup was run in 1879.
Land survey maps for the Caulfield district were published in 1853, and the first sale of Crown allotments was in 1854. The Caulfield Roads District was proclaimed in 1857. In 1860 a shirt-lived school was established by four church congregations, and in 1864 a school was opened which became the Caulfield primary school. In 1865 the population of the district was estimated at 508.
Chadstone Shopping Centre
CHADSTONE
Chadstone, a residential suburb 13 km. south-east of Melbourne, is best known for having metropolitan Melbourne's largest super-regional shopping centre. The name comes from Chadstone Road, which was laid out in 1912-13 in Malvern East. The road name probably came form the Chad stone church, north of Malvern Hills, England. The stone church came about by St. Chad ordering the seventh century King Wulf to build a stone churchto expiate his guilt for murdering his two Christian sons.
Chadstone was an early postwar suburb bounded by Belgrave Road, Dandenong Road, Warrigal Road and Gardiners Creek. Because of changes to postcode boundaries "Chadstone" doubled in area by extension east of Warrigal Road to Huntingdale Road by the early 1980s. Within a decade the Chadstone postcode was restricted to east of Warrigal Road., absorbing areas previously better known as Holmsglen and Jordanville. The original Chadstone was thus put in the Malvern East postcode, satisfying many residents who preferred the cachet of Malvern being applied to their houses, with implications for improved values.
CHATHAM
Chatham is a railway station located in the suburb of Surrey Hills, on the Lilydale and Belgrave railway lines. Chatham station opened on April 1, 1927, with the current island platform only. Platform 3 was provided in the 1970s, with services on the third track from East Camberwell extended through the station to Box Hill in 1971.
CHELSEA HEIGHTS
Chelsea Heights is a residential suburb 30 km. south-east of Melbourne, inland from and adjoining the bayside suburb of Chelsea. The name Chelsea was proposed by a local resident for the new railway station when it was opened on the Caulfield to Frankston line in 1882. Chelsea Heights is situated on an ancient coastal sand dune, which was formerly surrounded by the Carrum Swamp. Parts of the area were leased for grazing - particularly during the Summer - in the 1850s, and one settler gave his address as the Islands of Wannark Laddin, a name which persisted at least until 1866 when it was printed on a hydrogrpahic map of Port Phillip Bay. The so-called islands were the dunes raised above the lower swamp lands.
In 1890 a primary school was opened in the area - then called Carrum North - because children had otherwise to wade through swamp to reach Mordialloc. In 1912 the area was subdivided and named Chelsea Heights. Its census population the year before was 230. In 1964 the school's name was changed from Carrum North to Chelsea Heights, which roughly corresponds with the time when the subdivisions were attracting residential development. A kindergarten, infant-welfare centre sand shops were opened.
CHELTENHAM
Cheltenham is a residential suburb 18 km. south-east of Melbourne adjoining the bayside suburbs of Beaumaris and Mentone. Its name came from the Cheltenham Inn, opened by Charles Whorral from Cheltenham, Gloustershire, England, in 1853 in the place known as Two Acre Village (1852). The land-owner, Josiah Holloway, who subdivided the land into two-acre lots formed a northwards track, now Chesterville Road, from the Brighton Road (now Nepean Highway). By 1865 Cheltenham had two hotels, a mechanics' institute, a post office and coach or omnibus services to Brighton, Mornington and Melbourne. The lightly timbered and grassed countryside was much cultivated by farmers and market gardeners, and the district's estimated population was 250 persons. Cheltenham's position on the railway line after 1881, as well as on Nepean Highway, brought a steady gain in population.
CHIRNSIDE PARK
Chirnside Park, formerly West Lilydale or a part of Mooroolbark, is a suburb 33 km. east of Melbourne. The original settlement of Chirnside Park was centred on the Mooroolbark Park homestead and grazing property which had a succession of owners from 1845 until 1921 when it was purchased by George Chirnside. The Chirnside family sold Werribee Park, the headquarters of its empire, transferring their stud herds and contents of the Werribee mansion to Mooroolbark Park. George Chirnside died in 1941 without a direct male descendant, and trustees and later a company held the property. In 1956 Community Centres Pty. Ltd. obtained Lillydale shire's approval for subdivision of the land, and five years later gained the title. The company in conjunction with the estate agents Willmore and Randell named the subdivision Chirnside Park in 1962, which included a country club based around the Mooroolbark homestead. The country club includes an extensive golf course.
CHRISTMAS HILLS
Christmas Hills is a rural locality 37 km north-east of central Melbourne, between Kangaroo Ground and Yarra Glen.. It was occupied for grazing by 1842 and a shepherd named David Christmas became lost. He was found at a rise which became known as Christmas Hill, and the name was given to the district. Unlike neighbouring areas Christmas Hills did not have goldmining or significant amounts of agricultural land, although the One Tree Hill on its western side was a mining site. Nevertheless it helped numerous settlers who earned income from firewood as their selections were cleared. In 1884 a primary school was built, and three years later the district's population was boosted by a temporary workforce employed on building an aqueduct from the Watts River weir to Preston reservoir.
CLARINDA
Clarinda is a residential locality in Clayton South, 17 km. south-east of Melbourne. As a locality Clarinda predates Clayton South, a Presbyterian church being opened there in 1886. At that time the pace was known as Bald Hills, a name preserved to the present day in the Bald Hills reserve.
Clarinda, predominantly an elevated sandy location, provided a view of Port Phillip Bay. It had a mixture of market gardens (on the better soil) and open heath lands. When a primary school was opened in the church in 1899 within a year it was renamed Bayview, to avoid confusion with Bald Hills in the Ballarat area. The name was finally changed to Clarinda in 1912. The census population in 1933 was 189. Clarinda continued to be a market gardening area with the typical post office, school and church until the mid 1950s when residential housing began to be built. A golf links was overtaken by housing. Additions were made to the school in 1953 and 1957.
Cairnlea is 17 km north-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Brimbank. At the 2006 Census, Cairnlea had a population of 6070. The former Albion site became open grassland after European settlement but later, from 1939 to the mid 1980s, it was a defence manufacturing site. The suburb is a new estate, and has only been developed since 1999, with development of the new suburb to finish in mid-2005. The suburb features several manmade lakes and has implemented a suburb-wide stormwater recycling system that feeds all the lakes. Formerly there was a large government explosives factory on the site of the estate, however this factory closed in the 1990s.
CALDER PARK
Calder Park is 22 km north-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Brimbank. Wedged between the Calder Freeway, and the Bendigo rail line, Calder Park is a somewhat abnormal suburb in that no residential dwellings are constructed within its bounds, the only structure being a chapel situated adjacent to the Calder Park Raceway. This is located in the northern half of the suburb, with the southern half comprising open fields, adjoining neighbouring Taylors Lakes. Calder Park takes its name from Calder Highway (now Freeway).
Camberwell
CAMBERWELL
Camberwell is a residential suburb 9 km east of Melbourne, between Hawthorn and Burwood. Until the 1850s the area was occupied for grazing, being described as "light sandy country, timbered with gum and oak," Roads were rudimentary, but at one point three roads intersected, and in 1853 an inn was erected at one of the corners. Its owner recollected that several roads converged at Camberwell Green, London, and he called it the Camberwell Inn The Intersection, known as the Burke Road or Camberwell Junction. is on the western boundary of Camberwell, all the district adopted the name of the inn.
Immigrants and former gold diggers took up farms in the Camberwell area, producing hay, fruit and vegetables. In the 1860s there were two small settlements, one around tile inn and the Anglican church and another to the east at Hartwell about 2 kin. away. The district's first school (1858) and post office (1862) were at Hartwell, but the school closed when one was opened in 1867 a few hundred metres from the junction. By the 1870s Camberwell's neighbour, Hawthorn, had a substantial population, but Camberwell remained an area of small farms with a few sites for fine residences at its more elevated northern end. It was at that end in 1882 where the railway was extended from Hawthorn to Camberwell. The railway was aligned to service the adjacent land with a prospect back to the city; it was eventually excavated through the hill in a deep cutting. 'Prospect Hill' was swiftly subdivided and marketed during the 1880s and 90s driven by the typical desire of the time to recreate an English landscape.
A year after reaching Camberwell the line was extended to Lilydale. In 1891 a north-south railway line from Oakleigh to Fairfield was opened, crossing the earlier one at East Camberwell. It was the unsuccessful Outer Circle line, The railway lines attracted land subdivision in a landscape that was picturesque and free of industry. The Burke Road shopping centre between the junction and the railway station began in the 1880s, Residential land was generously proportioned, relatively cheap and within convenient commuting distance of Melbourne. The shopping centre which developed along the 500 metre north/south strip of Burke Road adjacent to the station has long been one of the most economically vibrant of suburban shopping areas in Melbourne. The precinct contains about 2.5 kilometres of small grain retail frontage with a broad mix of shops, a lively vegetable market, supermarket, large retail store, proliferating cafes and cinema complex.
CAMPBELLFIELD
Campbellfield, a residential and industrial suburb 17 km. north of Melbourne, is situated east of Broadmeadows. It is on the Hume highway and its eastern boundary is the Merri Creek. Two families named Campbell, apparently unrelated, bought farm properties in the area in the 1840s. The land was lightly wooded, easy for grazing, and close to the Merri Creek. Other settlers of Scots descent brought a strong Presbyterian tradition to the area. The Scots church was built on Sydney Road in 1842, and replaced by the present bluestone structure in 1855 (on Register of the National Estate and Victorian Heritage Register). A primary school was opened in 1846, and the site remained in use until disturbed by the widening of the Hume Highway in 1961.
By the 1860s Campbellfield had a village on the Sydney Road with three hotels and a disused flour mill. The flat country of Campbellfield was suited to pastoral pursuits and remained unaltered until the late 1880s when there was the prospect of a railway line from Coburg to join the main line to Seymour at Somerton. Campbellfield remained a village patronised by small farmers. It had two hotels, a store, bakery, confectioner and a smithy. The hotels and the Presbyterian and Methodist churches constituted the social centres, apart from sports matches in a paddock (c.1900). In 1951 the Housing Commission took control of land in Broadmeadows and Campbellfield for a housing estate, and in 1956 commenced the disposal of a large wedge north of the village between the railway line and the highway, for the Ford motor car factory.
CANTERBURY
Canterbury is an older residential suburb 10 km. east of Melbourne, noted for spacious residences. It adjoins Camberwell on its east and north , and its early settlement and subdivision into market gardens and orchards accompanied Camberwell's. Canterbury was named after Viscount Canterbury, Governor of Victoria, 1866-73. Before being named Canterbury the area was part of Balwyn. When the railway was extended from Hawthorn to Camberwell in 1882. and to Canterbury and beyond the following Veal residential subdivisions were stimulated The Canterbury landscape was undulating, elevated to the east and, with the West Creek, pleasantly well watered The late 1880s saw hood land prices and speculative profit. Melbourne merchants and professionals built in Canterbury and commuted by train to Melbourne By 1891 nearly all of Canterbury was subdivided for housing. but still mostly not built on A shopping strip was built along Maling Road beside the railway station.
Carlton
CARLTON
Carlton is a residential, commercial and educational area adjoining the northern boundary of central Melbourne at Victoria Street. The subdivision and settlement of Carlton came later than that of Fitzroy and Collingwood.. By the gold rush, 1851, two thirds of those suburbs were subdivided, often in a haphazrd way calculated to maximize profit on the resale of land. When Robert Hoddle, Government surveyor, came to survey Carlton in 1852, care was taken to lay out streets in an orderly grid, with reserves for open space and religious institutions. His survey was bounded by Royal Parade, Grattan Street, Nicholson Street and Victoria Street, but with the University provided for in a reserve north of Grattan Street. The churches' precinct was in Queensberry Street, between Lygon and Rathdowne Streets (Anglican, Free Gaelic and Wesleyan), and one block north in Pelham Street (Catholic). There were no school or hospital reserves, but Lincoln Square, Argyle Square and Carlton Gardens were shown. The two squares provided a distinctly English tone for the new suburb.
Carlton, thought to have been named after the residence of the Prince of Wales, was relatively elevated, and attracted several notable homes. Justice Redmond Barry lived in Rathdowne Street, equidistant between the City Court and the University of which he was the first Chancellor in 1955. By 1860 Carlton had five schools of which one, in Faraday Street, was a National School (1858), and ran continuously until 1972. In 1878 eight hectares were set aside in the Carlton Gardens for a building for Melbourne's International Exhibition in 1880-1. The international event was Melbourne's sixth exhibition, and its grandest. The building with its prominent dome became the venue for exhibitions, motor shows, home shows, the first federal Parliament and countless public examinations for secondary and tertiary students. In 1887-8 tram lines were opened along Swanston Street, Elgin Street, Rathdowne Street and Nicholson Street.
CARLTON NORTH
Carlton North is a residential suburb 4 km. north of Melbourne. In 1853 both the Melbourne General Cemetery and a penal stockade came to Carlton North. Melbourne's first cemetery at the Flagstaff Gardens was over-full by 1849, and a 8 ha. site was laid out to the north. By 1853 the very obvious increase in population persuaded the Government to also close Melbourne's second cemetery (now the Queen Victoria Market site), to all except those claiming a grave or vault there. The 8 ha. site in Carlton North was doubled and the resulting Melbourne General Cemetery was laid out by the Government Botanist, Ferdinand von Mueller. The stockade (called the Collingwood Stockade, as Carlton was not named in 1853), was opened beside a bluestone quarry. These sites are now the Lee Street primary school and the Canning Street neighbourhood reserve respectively. Carlton North's geological structure fortunately had the basaltic land ending just east of the cemetery, which is on mudstone or sandstone. Carlton (south of Grattan Street) was subdivided and the stockade made an asylum for the next seven years. Carlton North was subdivided in 1869 between Princes and Fenwick Streets. The final subdivision was at Princes Hill, north of the cemetery, in 1876-9. The settlement was almost all residential, brick, and much of it two storeyed or terraced. The standard was a step up from many of the timber cottages in Carlton.
CARNEGIE
Carnegie is a residential suburb 12 km. south-east of Melbourne on the railway line between Caulfield and Oakleigh. The area was originally known as Rosstown after William Ross, an entrepreneur who constructed a railway line through the area from Oakleigh to Elsternwick. In May, 1909, the railway station was renamed Carnegie, allegedly with the support of residents and the progress associations who thought it would be an inducement to obtain funds from the American Carnegie Foundation for a library. Neither did the funds appear nor is there contemporary documentary evidence of the idea, but no better explanation has been given. A large part of pastoral Carnegie was the Leman Swamp, a place for peat extraction and, in 1874, a proposed site for sugar beet processing which needed a reliable water supply. By 1876 Ross, who was the promoter of the sugar beet industry, owned or leased all the land presently known as Carnegie. The Rosstown Hotel was operating by 1882 and the primary school opened in 1887. By the turn of the century estates were being opened up in the vicinity of the railway station.
CAROLINE SPRINGS
Caroline Springs is 25 km west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the Shire of Melton. At the 2006 Census, Caroline Springs had a population of 10,880. Caroline Springs is a large residential suburb that was launched in 1999 by the Urban Land Corporation. Developed by Delfin, the suburb's popularity was spurred by an extensive advertising campaign promoting the lifestyle benefits of the area. Caroline Springs has now met its neighbouring suburb, Taylors Hill to the north.
CARRUM SWAMP
This former swampland is occupied by Bangholme, Braeside, Carrum Downs, Chelsea Heights, and Keysborough. Parts of Aspendale, Patterson Lakes and Seaford are also on the former swamp. Carrum Swamp's waters came from the Dandenong Creek (with headwaters in the moist Dandenong Ranges, and the Eumemmerring Creek with headwaters at Narre Warren. The swamp occupied 5,260 ha., extending almost from Mordialloc to Frankston, and had a water catchment of 737 sq. km. In its natural state it was covered with dense ti-tree, and it had ineffective outlets to Port Phillip Bay by the Mordialloc Creek and the Kananook Creek. The land was, however, useful for Summer pasture, and sections were purchased on the 1850s.
An early squatting party in the area called its station Garen Gam, thought to be Aboriginal for boomerang. Another rendering of the Aboriginal words is Karrum Karrum. An 1864 map made by the Hydrographic Office called the swamp Garrum, which would also be a probable forerunner of Carrum. An alternative but unlikely source of the name is an ancient English settlement called Carrum in Arthurian legends.
CARRUM DOWNS
Carrum Downs is a residential area 34 km. south-east of Melbourne adjoining the bayside suburb of Carrum. Most of the area is on the former Carrum Swamp. Carrum Downs was a farming area until the 1980s, with the social centre bring the primary school which was opened in 1909. In 1945 the Anglican Church's Brotherhood of St. Laurence began the building of an elderly person's community about 300 metres from the school. The Carrum Downs village added married and single persons' cottages and hostel accommodation, set in a mostly heath or bushland environment.
The main residential area is south of the Brotherhood village, with sites for three primary schools and a drive-in shopping centre (1994) with forty shops. There are several neighbourhood reserves and a linear park along Boggy Creek. In the north of Carrum Downs, beyond the school, is the part of the South Eastern Purification Plant for the treatment of sewage, around which several farms continue to function.
CAULFIELD
Caulfield, a residential area with a prominent metropolitan racecourse, is on Dandenong Road, 10 km. from Melbourne. Until 1994 Caulfield was also a municipal city. The origin of the name is uncertain, although John Caulfield, a builder who arrived in Melbourne in 1837, has been suggested as a source. The name Caulfield was in use on maps around 1857, generally in the vicinity of the present racecourse. In 1859 horse racing was held on a rough bush track and the Melbourne Hunt Club held occasional meetings in Caulfield. A racecourse was laid out on the site where the Hunt Club kennel was kept. In 1876 the Victorian Amateur Turf Club was formed and obtained the site for its metropolitan race course. The first Caulfield Cup was run in 1879.
Land survey maps for the Caulfield district were published in 1853, and the first sale of Crown allotments was in 1854. The Caulfield Roads District was proclaimed in 1857. In 1860 a shirt-lived school was established by four church congregations, and in 1864 a school was opened which became the Caulfield primary school. In 1865 the population of the district was estimated at 508.
Chadstone Shopping Centre
CHADSTONE
Chadstone, a residential suburb 13 km. south-east of Melbourne, is best known for having metropolitan Melbourne's largest super-regional shopping centre. The name comes from Chadstone Road, which was laid out in 1912-13 in Malvern East. The road name probably came form the Chad stone church, north of Malvern Hills, England. The stone church came about by St. Chad ordering the seventh century King Wulf to build a stone churchto expiate his guilt for murdering his two Christian sons.
Chadstone was an early postwar suburb bounded by Belgrave Road, Dandenong Road, Warrigal Road and Gardiners Creek. Because of changes to postcode boundaries "Chadstone" doubled in area by extension east of Warrigal Road to Huntingdale Road by the early 1980s. Within a decade the Chadstone postcode was restricted to east of Warrigal Road., absorbing areas previously better known as Holmsglen and Jordanville. The original Chadstone was thus put in the Malvern East postcode, satisfying many residents who preferred the cachet of Malvern being applied to their houses, with implications for improved values.
CHATHAM
Chatham is a railway station located in the suburb of Surrey Hills, on the Lilydale and Belgrave railway lines. Chatham station opened on April 1, 1927, with the current island platform only. Platform 3 was provided in the 1970s, with services on the third track from East Camberwell extended through the station to Box Hill in 1971.
CHELSEA HEIGHTS
Chelsea Heights is a residential suburb 30 km. south-east of Melbourne, inland from and adjoining the bayside suburb of Chelsea. The name Chelsea was proposed by a local resident for the new railway station when it was opened on the Caulfield to Frankston line in 1882. Chelsea Heights is situated on an ancient coastal sand dune, which was formerly surrounded by the Carrum Swamp. Parts of the area were leased for grazing - particularly during the Summer - in the 1850s, and one settler gave his address as the Islands of Wannark Laddin, a name which persisted at least until 1866 when it was printed on a hydrogrpahic map of Port Phillip Bay. The so-called islands were the dunes raised above the lower swamp lands.
In 1890 a primary school was opened in the area - then called Carrum North - because children had otherwise to wade through swamp to reach Mordialloc. In 1912 the area was subdivided and named Chelsea Heights. Its census population the year before was 230. In 1964 the school's name was changed from Carrum North to Chelsea Heights, which roughly corresponds with the time when the subdivisions were attracting residential development. A kindergarten, infant-welfare centre sand shops were opened.
CHELTENHAM
Cheltenham is a residential suburb 18 km. south-east of Melbourne adjoining the bayside suburbs of Beaumaris and Mentone. Its name came from the Cheltenham Inn, opened by Charles Whorral from Cheltenham, Gloustershire, England, in 1853 in the place known as Two Acre Village (1852). The land-owner, Josiah Holloway, who subdivided the land into two-acre lots formed a northwards track, now Chesterville Road, from the Brighton Road (now Nepean Highway). By 1865 Cheltenham had two hotels, a mechanics' institute, a post office and coach or omnibus services to Brighton, Mornington and Melbourne. The lightly timbered and grassed countryside was much cultivated by farmers and market gardeners, and the district's estimated population was 250 persons. Cheltenham's position on the railway line after 1881, as well as on Nepean Highway, brought a steady gain in population.
CHIRNSIDE PARK
Chirnside Park, formerly West Lilydale or a part of Mooroolbark, is a suburb 33 km. east of Melbourne. The original settlement of Chirnside Park was centred on the Mooroolbark Park homestead and grazing property which had a succession of owners from 1845 until 1921 when it was purchased by George Chirnside. The Chirnside family sold Werribee Park, the headquarters of its empire, transferring their stud herds and contents of the Werribee mansion to Mooroolbark Park. George Chirnside died in 1941 without a direct male descendant, and trustees and later a company held the property. In 1956 Community Centres Pty. Ltd. obtained Lillydale shire's approval for subdivision of the land, and five years later gained the title. The company in conjunction with the estate agents Willmore and Randell named the subdivision Chirnside Park in 1962, which included a country club based around the Mooroolbark homestead. The country club includes an extensive golf course.
CHRISTMAS HILLS
Christmas Hills is a rural locality 37 km north-east of central Melbourne, between Kangaroo Ground and Yarra Glen.. It was occupied for grazing by 1842 and a shepherd named David Christmas became lost. He was found at a rise which became known as Christmas Hill, and the name was given to the district. Unlike neighbouring areas Christmas Hills did not have goldmining or significant amounts of agricultural land, although the One Tree Hill on its western side was a mining site. Nevertheless it helped numerous settlers who earned income from firewood as their selections were cleared. In 1884 a primary school was built, and three years later the district's population was boosted by a temporary workforce employed on building an aqueduct from the Watts River weir to Preston reservoir.
CLARINDA
Clarinda is a residential locality in Clayton South, 17 km. south-east of Melbourne. As a locality Clarinda predates Clayton South, a Presbyterian church being opened there in 1886. At that time the pace was known as Bald Hills, a name preserved to the present day in the Bald Hills reserve.
Clarinda, predominantly an elevated sandy location, provided a view of Port Phillip Bay. It had a mixture of market gardens (on the better soil) and open heath lands. When a primary school was opened in the church in 1899 within a year it was renamed Bayview, to avoid confusion with Bald Hills in the Ballarat area. The name was finally changed to Clarinda in 1912. The census population in 1933 was 189. Clarinda continued to be a market gardening area with the typical post office, school and church until the mid 1950s when residential housing began to be built. A golf links was overtaken by housing. Additions were made to the school in 1953 and 1957.
